When Thomas Kuhn wrote The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in the early 1960's, he wanted to examine the history of science for clues to the nature of discovery. The clues led him to invent the term - now a cliche - Paradigm Shift. Scientists work with one set of ideas about how the world is. Everything they do, be it experimental or theoretical work, is informed by, and framed within, that set of ideas. There will some evidence that doesn't fit, however. At first, that evidence will be ignored or sabotaged. Eventually, though, the anomalies will pile up so high that they simply cannot be ignored or sabotaged any longer. Then comes crisis.
Crisis, Kuhn said, is soon followed by the paradigm shift in which everyone gains a radically new way of looking at the world ...
Your task is to:
- look up the definition of paradigm shift
- find a scientific theory, discovery or invention that you view as inducing a paradigm shift in the way that man thought or acted. This can from any point in history.
- write a description of your chosen idea and explain how and why it caused a paradigm shift. Post this description/explanation.
- post a response to one or more of your classmates ideas. This should be in a separate post to #3.
Both posts are due before your leave for spring break.
A radical change in underlying beliefs or theory
ReplyDeleteEarth, flat or round? I think that the idea that the earth is round was a paradigm shift. People believed that the world had an end that it was flat and they where the center of the universe. It was a paradigm shift because the concept was so radically different from what they had previously thought. The idea that the earth was round completely changed people’s view of the earth the universe and their part in it.
Definition: The radical change in our perception of reality; The major change on people's perspective/prepheral vision of the world in which they dwell in.
ReplyDeleteExample: There was once a time in long past history that the Earth was the center of the universe with Sun circling around the Earth. But we know nowdays through sophisticated insturments and many observations, that the Earth is the one encircling the Sun, and that the Earth is definetly not the center of the universe but only a sheer part of it. This is a Paradigm Shift. Our perspective and concept of the Earth's exsistence, was completely overthrown, and was altered into a whole new idea that we never could have imagined. This new discovery changed people's way of thinking and prepheral vision of how Earth exsists in the universe. Which is a strong example of Paradigm Shift.
A paradigm shift is a sudden and extreme change in beliefs or theory. An example of a paradigm shift is when people discovered that the world is round. People used to think that the earth do was flat because they didn’t understand the gravity. It is a paradigm shift because it was common assumption that the earth was flat until Columbus sailed across from one side of the world to the other. After that and more overwhelming facts people all began to accept his theory of the world being round.
ReplyDeleteParadigm Shift: A radical change in underlying beliefs or theory.
ReplyDeleteExample: It was once thought that the Sun revolved around the Earth, not that the Earth revolved around the Sun. This is a Paradigm Shift because it wasn’t accepted all at once. The concept was so different from what people had first believed. Before the theory was opposed, it was much easier for people to think that everything revolved around the Earth.
I agree with Brianna's post. I think her example of a Paradigm Shift is a very good one. People definitely had a hard time to adjusting to such a radical change like that. Going from the Earth being flat to the Earth being round.
ReplyDeleteIf a paradigm shift is a change of thought, ideas, technology, or progress, than a good example would be when the ancient peoples first managed to plant and harvest crops. If the ancient peoples have not done this, than culture based on towns and cities would not have been created, because we would still be migrating from place to place to find food.
ReplyDeleteI believe Brianna is correct. Astronomy as we now know it would not exist if we did not discover the solar cycles in the first place. Also, peoples thought processes changed because they realized that they are not so special in the universe and they first thought that here may be something worth exploring out in the great beyond.
ReplyDeleteParadigm Shift: a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory, acceptance by a majority of a changed belief, attitude, or way of doing things
ReplyDeleteExample: An example of a paradigm shift is how we no longer think of Pluto as a planet. According to a new scientific definition Pluto is now only a dwarf planet. Ever since 1930 Pluto was thought of as a planet. Once the new definition was created it generated a change in belief of what Pluto is classified as.
I agree with what Kateri posted. Believing that the Sun revolved around the Earth was such a major belief that when told it was really the Earth revolving around the Sun it created a radical change in belief Which resulted in a paradigm shift.
ReplyDelete1) Definition: A paradigm shift is a radical change in beliefs, theories, ideas, and/or perceptions.
ReplyDelete2) Ancient Greak philosopher, Homer, believed the earth was flat. He was amoung many that BELIEVED that theory. Later, Aristotle believed that the earth was rround, thus changing the IDEAS of many major philosophers and every day citizens.
3)The theory of the earth being flat is a major paradigm shift. By proving that the earth wasn't flat, changed the thoughts of many. Almost all of the human population believd that the earth was flat. Then, being able to change the ideas of almost all of the earth? It was amazing. We went from everyone believing the earth was flat, to everyone believing and know the earth is round.
I believe Eunho makes a very good point about a radical change of our beliefes that we were the center of the universe and everything circled us. He hit his point right on the dot.
ReplyDeleteA paradigm shift a radical change in somebody's basic assumptions about or approach to something. An example of an paradigm shift in technology would be the invention of the telephone. “Mr. Watson, come here, I want you.” were the first words spoken by inventor Alexander Graham Bell into his experimental telephone on March 10, 1876 to his assistant, Thomas Watson, who was just down the hall. These few words were the first spoken sentence ever transmitted through electricity. About 200 years ago, if someone told you you can talk to someone on the other side of the world without going there, you would think they were crazy. When the telephone was invented, it changed and the way people communicated and changed their perception of technology and the possibilities it can create.
ReplyDeleteAlison's Idea of Paradigm shift is very accurate. As she said it would be rediculous for people to think that you could talk to someone far away without actually being there. Telephone's invention blew the old perception away and started new era of tecnology causing paradigm shift.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Brianna beacause our whole point of view changed when we discovered the world was actually round and that definitely ties in with the idea of paradigm shift.
ReplyDeleteDefinition of paradigm shift: A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions.
ReplyDeleteExample: People used to think that the world was flat and that they(and the earth)were the center of the universe. At first, the population wouldn't accept it, they couldn't believe this theory. But after research and development, proving that it is true that not only that the Earth is not flat but round and that the Earth actually circles the sun, they have finally accepted it and changed their way perspective, view on the theory. That was one of the many occurences of a paradigm shift.
-April L.
I agree with Eunho. It's true, the fact that the Earth wasn't flat must have totally overthrown the peoples idea of everything. Because the thought never even occured to them, so it must have had a big impact.
ReplyDelete-April L.
Paradigm Shift: a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory.
ReplyDeleteExample: The theory that the Earth is at the center of our universe is a great example of Paradigm Shift. Way back in our history, scientists theorized that the Earth was at the center of our universe and all the planets, including the Sun revolved around it. This theory was later reconsidered when a Polish scientist proposed the theory that the planets revolved around the Sun. This shows Paradigm Shift because our view of the Earth's position in the solar system changed completely from what we originally thought.
I agree with Brianna's post. She showed the concept of Paradigm Shift using a good example. The theory that the Earth was round and not flat was very hard for people to believe.
ReplyDelete1. Paradigm Shift: A radical change in somebody's basic assumptions about or approach to something.
ReplyDelete2. The discovery of irrigation/the ability and techniques necessary to farm.
3. Before mankind learned how to farm, we were basically hunters and gatherers. We hunted for our meat, and gathered berries and vegtables. We could rarely stay in one area for long before it ran out of supplies, at which point we would move on to another area. However, at some point, we discovered that if you put a seed into the groud and water it, it grew into a plant! With this knowledge, we were able to stay in one place and grow our own food. This changed everything from what we ate to how we lived. It allowed civilization to be born.
1.) A paradigm shift occurs when the dominant paradigm is replaced by a new way of looking at the world.
ReplyDelete2.) An example of a paradigm shift is when Galileo observed the orbits of its four moons and came to the conclusion that Earth is not the center of the universe and that the earth orbits the sun as the moon orbits the earth and as the four moons of Jupiter orbit Jupiter.
3.) This changed people's way of viewing the world because before his revelation, everyone believed that because the church said we were the center of the universe, that automatically meant we were the center of the universe. Period. When Galileo discovered that this was not the case, he was greatly resented for it. However, years and years later, everyone now knows the truth of his science and it has changed the way we see things, for sure.
Alison Pak had an excellent example of a paradigm shift with the invention of the telephone. The progress made in communication at that point was estonishing and that is a great way to show what a paradigm shift is because it changed everyone's lives and their way of looking at communication and also our difference in viewing "long distance" or what is "right around the corner" has changed drastically.
ReplyDelete1. paradigm shift: a radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new belief
ReplyDelete2. An example of a paradigm shift is Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift.
3. Before Wegener's theory, people believed that the continents are how they are because God created it that way. They believed God created the Earth perfectly so the idea of it changing was against their beliefs. When Wegener and his theory of continental drift came along, no one believed him because of their religious views. They also scoffed at his idea because it seemed ridiculous that massive areas of land could move. After Wegener gathered more evidence to prove his theory, people started to change their views and accept his theory. Today, continental drift is the main explanation for continents' positions, thus creating a paradigm shift.
4. I agree with Brianna's post. Today, the idea of the Earth being flat would be absolutely absurd. The evidence we gathered with our advanced technology is more than enough to prove that theory wrong. It's a perfect example of a paradigm shift because of the way we laugh at the idea today.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1. A paradigm shift is a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory
ReplyDelete2. Galileo’s theory on how the sun was the center of the universe, a heliocentric universe.
3. In the early 1600’s, Galileo, came up with the theory that the Sun was the center of the universe (called a heliocentric universe) instead of the Earth being in the center (called a geocentric universe). The Catholic Church of the time believed strongly in the geocentric theory and ordered Galileo to Rome to face charges of going against the Church’s teachings. He was sentenced to life of imprisonment. Who knows how long we would’ve thought the Earth was the center of our universe? Without Galileo we would not have our own sense of wanting to be heard. He had a theory and spoke out the truth, he was punished but we learned from all the mistakes made.
I agree with Alison Pak. Many years ago we never would have thought things like that were possible. In the future we're going to have things that nowadays we don't believe in. The telephone has opened the door to many new things such as the cellphone and maybe in the future, the holograph thingy Star Wars uses. Man kind has figured out many ways of communication and the telephone was the very beginning of it all.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1. ) The definition of Paradigm Shift is radical change in underlying beliefs or theory.
ReplyDelete2. ) An example of Paradigm Shift is when people realized that the Sun is the center of the universe and not our planet Earth.
3.) Ancient civilizations believed their planet Earth was the center of the universe and that other planets revolved around it. For over ten centuries people believed this until, in the 1600th century Johannes Kepler used evidence and research from past astronomers to officially state that the Earth does in fact revolve around the Sun alongside the other planets of our universe. This was Paradigm Shift because after years and years of thinking the Earth was the center of the universe, people started to look at the world and their lives in a whole different perspective. It affected science and technology greatly, religion, and many other aspects of life. If we still didn’t known that the Sun was the center of the universe, where would we be right now?
I agree with Brianna. If we still beleived that the Earth was flat and not round, we could be stuck in the past. Realizing our planet was round made people think about other mysteries of Earth and helped make advances in technology and science.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Samantha. Finding out that we were not the center of the universe changed a lot of things. For one thing, it made the idea that we wern't the only life in the universe much more plausible. Also, it probably effected some people's religious views, not being in the center of the universe. All in all, it would have at least diminshed human arrogance and selfishness... at least a little bit. That and (obviously) change everyone's knowledge on the location of the world and the sun, etc.
ReplyDeleteA paradigm shift is a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory. Basically, it is a change of thinking from one way to another. One invention that created a paradigm shift is the printing press. Books were available and were easy to handle and inexpensive to purchase. This had an affect on people’s beliefs because they had a lot of material to learn from. If books had never been printed, the world would be drastically different. The printing press and books changed how people communicated, and how they believed they should communicate. This was a paradigm shift.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Elizabeth's comments about Galileo's discovery that the Earth orbits the Sun. It definitely changed the way we saw things once people realized he was correct. If this discovery hadn't been made, what would've been different? People would have gone on believing what the church told them was right instead of thinking independently and drawing their own conclusions.
ReplyDelete1.Paradigm Shift is a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory
ReplyDelete2.An example is when Einstein proposed that space and time are woven into a single fabric, called space-time. The idea was very different from any understanding people had. This advanced Humanity’s conception of the Universe. People had a hard time believing something that was this radical when their knowledge on it was minimal.
I agree with Alison Pak. The telephone drastically changed ways of communicating. It modernized the world quickly and it would be hard to believe words can be transmitted through electricity. Back then there was hardly any advanced technology, so if you could talk to someone on the other side of the world without being there, it would be a strange idea.
ReplyDelete1.) Paradigm Shift is a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory. In other words, when a new way of looking at something arrises that completely contradicts how we looked at that thing before.
ReplyDelete2.) The theory of plate tectonics is a great example of Paradigm Shift.
3.) Plate tectonics is a theory that states that the earth is built with many layers. Also that the outer layer, or the lithosphere, is broken up into 8 major plates and many more minor plates. Plate tectonics adds on to the theory of continental drift. When Alfred Wegener presented the theory of continental drift he was shut down immediately by all the other scientists. Then as more and more findings were made both the theory of continental drift and plate tectonics were believed by almost every scientist. Now plate tectonics is used as a large part of most every science class in schools.
4.) Colin makes a great point in saying how the worlds look on the shape of earth has changed. Back then people thought you could sail a ship right of the earth and into oblivion. Aristotle had it right and now we know 100% that the earth is round from satallite imaging and our astronaughts that have actually seen it with their own eyes.
ReplyDelete-A paradigm shift is a radical change in underlying beliefs or theories.
ReplyDelete-An example of a paradigm shift is when people on Earth realized that the Sun was the center of the Universe.
-People belived that the Earth was the center of the universe because stars, the sun, and the other planets seemed to revolve around it. But in the 1600's people finally realized that the Earth and all the other planets actually revolve around the Sun. This is an example of paradigm shift because once people figured this out it changed the way they looked at the world and at the solar system.
I agree with Colby when he says that an example of paradigm shift is the theory of plate tectonics. Because of that discovery, all of the continents and the way they were formed is looked at differently. The way we learn about the world and geography would be very different if this discovery about plate tectonics hadn't been made.
ReplyDelete1) A paradigm is used to describe a change in the basic assumptions.
ReplyDelete2) The invention of the cell phone was a paradigm shift.
3) For the longest time to get a hold of a friend you had to call their house, and if they weren’t there you had to wait to talk to them. With a cell phone you have 24 hour access to your friends. You can talk to them whenever you want to.
I agree with Jessica. It's true that without the invention of the printing press the world would not be what it is today. The printing press made a gateway to many more inventions. for example the Kindel, and others.
ReplyDelete1-A radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new one.
ReplyDelete2-That the sun is the center of our universe and that Earth isn't.
3-Back in the 1600's everyone had believed that Earth was the center of the universe because it appeared everything was orbiting the Earth. But then Galileo introduced the idea that the Earth was not the center of the universe and that the sun was. This caused a paradigm shift because everyone believed that the Earth was the center and now everyone had to change their perspective and view on the Earth and sun.
4-I agree with Hannah, Thinking that Pluto is no longer a planet is not something you can get used to overnight having it of been a planet for so long. Also because there are other planes like Pluto that should not also be classified as planets but still are, while Pluto no longer is a planet. I think this is a really good example of a paradigm shift in our modern time.
ReplyDeleteI think that Chris’s post is a good example of a paradigm shift. It shows how the way people think and went about life changed dramatically with the discovery of some new idea. In his case, how finding a new way to get sustenance changed our lifestyles.
ReplyDelete1. A Paradigm Shift is a radical change in our perception of reality pertaining to basic theories or underlying beliefs.
ReplyDelete2. Faith in God to Faith in Science
3. The 19th century was one in which people stopped having faith in the Bible and God himself. They started to be swayed by science and the fact that Charles Darwin provided a believable mechanism for the origin of all species. He proposed that Natural Selection could, if given the proper amount of time, produce all the species of plants and animals known to date. There wasn’t any need for God to personally create every single type of animal, and this planted the small seed of doubt in Christian’s minds. Instead of us believing the World to be thousands of years old, it became millions of years old. This is a paradigm shift due to the fact that if Charles Darwin hadn’t proposed his theory, thousands of Christians wouldn’t have converted to Evolution. The war between the different beliefs of each faction would have never been started, and the church would hold much more power than it does currently. Instead, Christians are called liars and accused of poisoning the minds of young children. This discovery radically changed the religious views of thousands and has affected people all across the globe. A paradigm shift has occurred due to the discovery of Evolution, and the world will be forever changed because of it.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteI completely agree with Alison Pak's idea of a Paradigm Shift. Before the invention of the telephone, people would have scoffed at the idea of talking to someone not standing next to you. Add to that the fact that it's through a tiny machine, no way is that possible! Anyone even contemplating that idea would have been sentenced to a permanent stay in an asylum. Yet, now we can talk to someone halfway across the world, and we rely heavily on this interaction. The entire face of technology was changed with one ingenious idea and if this isn't categorized as a paradigm shift then I don't know what is.
ReplyDeleteDef- a change in societies/a cultures view of the beliefs that outline reality and the paranormal
ReplyDeleteThe computer and internet,
I decided to use this as my example because it is a substantial benefit to mankind. Even this very assignment is based off the internet without the internet we would all be at the library finding this book, then handing in a hand written explanation. The computer has changed the way we view the world, the universe, even our friends. For example, without computers we wouldn’t have been able to go to the moon and discover more then it’s visible half. Without computers we would not have the calculator to benefit math classes. We would not be able to text your friends and offer to hang out over the weekend. Without computers we would be less civilized, less intelligent and have a completely different style of life.
i believe Colin Mozzone chose a good example, if not a broadly picked one. The explanation was good. along with your speech. However your spelling compliments your grammer
ReplyDeleteA paradigm shift is a change in the way of ones thinking to another within the rules of science.
ReplyDeleteProbably the biggest paradigm shift i can think of was when it was discovered that the world was not flat, but a sphere. This discovery was a paradigm shift because it dirastically changed the way we thought about our earth. it changed peoples ideas everywhere around the globe. when the thought was first voiced about the earth being round not flat, nobody beleived it. buyt once people starting acceptin the fact it caused a great shift in everyones beliefs.
Marika's post is completely true. We as a nation has turned our faith to science instead of to God. She is right. Our world will never be the same because of Evolution
ReplyDeletei completely agree with isaccs example. if we never would have created computers and the interent we would have a completety different life style. before the first computer was ever created we could not imagine anything like a machine that would allow us access to any information we wanted or that would allow us to talk to people on the other side of the world. the advances the human race has acheived in technology have deffinetly caused many paradigm shifts.
ReplyDelete1.)Paradigm Shift is a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory.
ReplyDelete2.)I think the theory of continental drift, or plate tectonics, is a paradigm shift.
3.)The theory that the world used to be a supercontinent until continents were separated from plate tectonics was so outstanding that it shocked people in the 20th century when it was first thought of. No one quite understood where the idea was coming from since it was vastly different from previous theories and beliefs they had about how the world came to be what it was.
4.)I agree with Kyona about how when people realized that the Sun was the center of the universe instead Earth. This theory was extremely different than what people believed. I also agree with what she said about everyone now looking at the world and their whole lives in a different perspective. If we hadn’t changed our ways, everything about the way the world works and just science in general would not make sense.
ReplyDeleteThe paradigm shift is a change from one thinking to another.
ReplyDeleteAn example of the paradigm shift could be when people believed that the earth was the center of our universe. The first observation was that the stars, sun, and planets appear to revolve around the Earth each day, making the Earth the center of that system. This was everybody’s first thought until our technology strengthened. It wasn’t until the 1600’s that the mathematical model of a heliocentric system proved this theory to be wrong. After this discovery everyone’s beliefs changed causing a paradigm shift.
I agree with Cici everyone had the idea that the earth was flat because the ground you walk is normally flat. But when further studies of gravity entered everyone started changing their ideas of the earth. Everyone assumed what the world was like just by walking on it not by looking deep into it. Once they did so it caused a radical change in beliefs.
ReplyDeleteDefinition: acceptance by a majority of a changed belief, attitude, or way of doing things.
ReplyDeleteExample: early in history, it was believed that the sun revolved around the Earth and we were the center of the universe instead of the sun being the center and all planets revolving around that. This is an example of paradigm shift because not many people believed in this. It was so far fetched from what they were told and taught.
I think Alison Pak's idea of paradigm shift is a good example. The perception of technology is endless. You never can guess what's next in the technology world. People think differently towards that subject also. Some might say that our tech will get 'futuristic' and some might say that this is as far as we are going to get. Many people see things differently than others.
ReplyDeleteParadigm Shift: A radical change from one way of accepted belief to another. When a process, application, method, or system progresses greatly.
ReplyDeleteExample: The plane
The creation of the plane is a paradigm shift. The creation of the plane allowed people to travel places they had never gone before. It changed the way people looked at the world, now the trip from America to Europe took only hours not days. Just a hundred and fifty years ago people weren’t thinking they could travel around the world in a cylinder with wings. Now nearly everyone travels long distances in plane.
I agree with Isaac. The internet has caused a paradigm shift in the way people act and believe. The computer has revolutionized human life. Without both, society would be much different and less advanced.
ReplyDeletewhat ryan says is true. It changed many peoples view of the world.although i do not believe the plane itself is a paradigm shift. Someone didn't just wake up on day and say im going to fly and built a plane. There where gliders and hot air ballons even before the plane so people knew flight was possible.
ReplyDeleteDefinition: a paradigm shift is a change in basic assumptions within the ruling theory of science; a radical change in underlying beliefs or theory
ReplyDeleteExample: one of the most important paradigm shifts to have occurred in history is that due to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Darwin’s theory proposes that all living things are of the same origin and were created by the process of Natural Selection. Before Darwin’s theory, the idea that God created every living thing was the accepted belief. Now, however, it is common place for Darwin’s theory to be welcomed as the truth to how life was created.
Paradigm Shift: A radical change in underlying beliefs or theory.
ReplyDeleteExample of Paradigm Shift: The earth is not moving. People believed that the earth was not moving because the bible said that it wasn’t they questioned could God have engineered something like that for earth? The main source of evidence was from the bible itself says one scientist, ‘The earth is not rotating… Nor is it going around the sun.’ The lies that have been created about the earth’s revolution have planted the truth-killing virus of evolutionism in every aspect off man’s “knowledge” about the earth, the universe and himself. Some people say all false science is held together by the weak, bible-banishing, vulnerable Copernican lie of rotating, orbiting earth.
This is Paradigm Shift because even though the idea sounds unbelivable the way it is carried out by the true belivers makes it spread even fuller and thinker in lies, and confusion.